Public knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing for hereditary diseases in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of genetic testing among residents of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), recognizing the importance of genetic testing in diagnosing and managing hereditary diseases and the variability of public understanding across different populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022, targeting UAE residents aged 18 years and older through convenience sampling. The sample size was determined to be 400 participants, based on a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. A validated questionnaire was employed, consisting of four sections: demographics, knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of genetic testing. Data analysis was performed to identify associations with demographic variables. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants. A total of 581 respondents participated in the study, with 73.5% aged between 18 and 26 years and 66.6% holding bachelor’s degrees. Among the respondents, 56% had degrees in science-related fields, and 60% reported a family history of genetic diseases, with diabetes (32%), hypercholesterolemia (14%), and thalassemia (12%) being the most common. The study found that awareness of genetic testing was at 69%, and 85.4% acknowledged its role in diagnosing cancers. Furthermore, a significant majority (81.4%) viewed genetic testing as more beneficial than harmful. Notably, younger age, higher education levels, and backgrounds in science were significantly associated with enhanced awareness, knowledge, and positive perceptions of genetic testing. The findings indicate a strong awareness and positive perceptions of genetic testing among UAE residents, particularly among younger and more educated individuals. However, there are notable gaps in detailed knowledge and ethical concerns regarding direct-to-consumer genetic testing, which necessitate further investigation and educational outreach. The study underscores the need for targeted educational initiatives to address the gaps in knowledge and ethical considerations surrounding genetic testing. Additionally, the influence of demographic factors on public understanding and acceptance highlights the importance of developing tailored interventions to maximize the benefits of genetic testing in healthcare settings. This approach can enhance the overall effectiveness of genetic testing as a preventive measure and diagnostic tool in managing hereditary diseases within the UAE population.