https://ijirss.com/index.php/ijirss/issue/feed 2026-06-29T09:29:07-05:00 Open Journal Systems <p>International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies (IJIRSS) is a forum to exchange applied research and knowledge across multiple distinct academic disciplines or fields of study. It caters to interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research and innovation in emerging fields of scientific studies.</p> <p>Open Access Policy: This journal operates under an Open Access model, providing free and unrestricted access to readers worldwide. Article Processing Charges (APCs) are covered by the authors or their affiliated institutions.</p> <p>Journal Ranking</p> <ul> <li>Scimago: Q3 (<strong>2024</strong>) (Multidisciplinary Category)</li> <li>Impact Score: 1.40</li> <li>IDEAS/RePEc Simple Impact Factor: 0.11</li> </ul> <p>Rapid Publication Timeline: Submitted manuscripts undergo a rigorous peer-review process, with initial editorial decisions communicated to authors within approximately 20 working days of submission. Following acceptance, the publication process is completed within 10 days (based on median values for articles published in 2025).</p> <p>Reviewer Recognition: In recognition of their essential contributions, reviewers who submit timely and comprehensive peer-review reports are awarded discount vouchers. These vouchers can be applied toward the APC of their next submission to the journal.</p> <h3 class="" data-start="98" data-end="121"><strong data-start="102" data-end="121">Indexing Policy</strong></h3> <p class="" data-start="123" data-end="370">Indexing of published articles is solely at the discretion of indexing databases and services. As a publisher (or editor), we do not have any control over the indexing process, including decisions regarding inclusion or the timeline for coverage.</p> <p class="" data-start="372" data-end="623"><strong><em>We cannot guarantee that any specific article will be indexed by a particular database, nor can we influence how or when this may occur. Indexing decisions are made independently by each indexing platform according to their own criteria and schedules.</em></strong></p> <p class="" data-start="625" data-end="789">As such, indexing is not part of our operational responsibilities. We kindly request all authors to understand this distinction and manage expectations accordingly.</p> <p class="" data-start="791" data-end="987"><strong data-start="791" data-end="807">Please note:</strong> <strong><em>The Article Processing Charge (APC) is non-refundable once the article has been published</em></strong>, except in cases where publication is canceled due to an error or decision from our side.</p> https://ijirss.com/index.php/ijirss/article/view/11780 2026-06-29T09:27:31-05:00 Salih Maddah Aljedani SMALJEDANI@imamu.edu.sa Layla Sulaiman Aloumi Aloumiadd@gmail.com Saad Saeed Alqarni Alqarniadd@gmail.com

<p>This research investigates the advanced experimental methodologies developed by Arabic chemists (8th-14th Calendar centuries) for the synthesis and imitation of gemstones, with a primary focus on the corpora of <a href="#_ENREF_1">Jābir ibn Ḥayyān [1]</a>. Diverging from traditional historiography that often relegates these works to the realm of allegorical alchemy, this study provides evidence of early "materials engineering" based on a sophisticated understanding of the optical and mechanical properties of inorganic substances. By analyzing historical recipes through the lens of modern solid-state chemistry, the paper reveals Arabic pioneering in four technical domains: First, refractive index tuning is done through the strategic incorporation of lead oxides into silicate glass matrices in order to enhance optical dispersion. Second, the management of redox potentials to precisely control the chromatic spectra of transition metal ions such as copper, iron, and manganese. Third, crystal growth via chemical vapor transport is evidenced by protocols involving the sublimation and condensation of arsenic sulfides to produce high-purity crystalline solids. Finally, colloidal and substrate engineering is utilized in order to plaster calcium-based carriers and organic binders to stabilize organometallic pigments. The findings demonstrate that these protocols functioned as "Standard Operating Procedures" (SOPs) aimed at engineering synthetic alternatives that replicate the specific gravity, hardness, and refractive indices of natural rubies, emeralds, and lapis lazuli. By achieving these objectives, the study contributes to a significant re-evaluation of the history of materials science, positioning medieval Arabic chemistry as a direct precursor to modern glass technology and solid-state physics.</p>

2026-06-29T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2026