Aljedani SM, Aloumi LS, Alqarni SS. Gemstone manufacturing in the Arab scientific heritage from the Umayyad Era to the end of the Mamlūk Era (41-923 AH/ 662-1517AD): A cultural historical study. ijirss [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 29 [cited 2026 Jun. 29];9(7):1-14. Available from: https://ijirss.com/index.php/ijirss/article/view/11780